Docker帮助命令
# 查看docker的版本信息
$ docker version
# 查看docker的系统信息
$ docker info
# 查看docker帮助命令
$ docker --helpDocker镜像命令
docker images : 查看镜像
# docs
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs
# image
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
# image -a
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
# image -q
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images -q
bf756fb1ae65docker search : 搜索镜像
# docs
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search --help
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
# 如同在dockerhub网页上搜索: https://hub.docker.com/search?q=mysql&type=image
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9662 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3514 [OK]
. . . . . .
# STARS > 9000
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search mysql --filter=STARS=9000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9662 [OK]docker pull : 下载镜像
# docs
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker pull --help
Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
Pull an image or a repository from a registry
Options:
-a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
-q, --quiet Suppress verbose output
# download mysql and the default tag is latest
# or download mysql and the tag is 5.7: docker pull mysql[:tag]
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
c2344adc4858: Pull complete
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
b905d1797e97: Pull complete
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # docker pull mysql == docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# list all images
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kBdocker rmi : 删除镜像
# docs
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker rmi --help
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Remove one or more images
Options:
-f, --force Force removal of the image
--no-prune Do not delete untagged parents
# list all images
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
# delete the image by id: rmi -f [IMAGE ID]
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker rmi -f bf756fb1ae65 # hello-world
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
# list all images
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541MB- 删除指定id的镜像 :
docker rmi -f 容器id - 批量删除指定id的镜像 :
docker rmi -f 容器id, 容器id, 容器id - 删除全部镜像，其中
docker images -aq的功能为列出全部镜像的id :docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Docker容器命令
新建容器并启动
有了镜像之后才可以创建容器，所以首先我们需要先下载一个镜像，这里我选择版本为 18.04 的 Ubuntu 镜像 :
# download ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker pull ubuntu:18.04 18.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu d7c3167c320d: Pull complete 131f805ec7fd: Pull complete 322ed380e680: Pull complete 6ac240b13098: Pull complete Digest: sha256:86510528ab9cd7b64209cbbe6946e094a6d10c6db21def64a93ebdd20011de1d Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:18.04 docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04 # check ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu 18.04 8e4ce0a6ce69 6 days ago 64.2MB mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541MB查看容器命令帮助文档
# docs ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ docker run --help Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container Options: --add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) -a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR --blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0) --blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default []) --cap-add list Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities --cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container --cidfile string Write the container ID to the file --cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period --cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota --cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds --cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds -c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight) --cpus decimal Number of CPUs --cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) --cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) -d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID --detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container --device list Add a host device to the container --device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list --device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default []) --device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default []) --device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default []) --device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default []) --disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true) --dns list Set custom DNS servers --dns-option list Set DNS options --dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains --domainname string Container NIS domain name --entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image -e, --env list Set environment variables --env-file list Read in a file of environment variables --expose list Expose a port or a range of ports --gpus gpu-request GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs) --group-add list Add additional groups to join --health-cmd string Command to run to check health --health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s) --health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy --health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s) --health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s) --help Print usage -h, --hostname string Container host name --init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes -i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached --ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104) --ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33) --ipc string IPC mode to use --isolation string Container isolation technology --kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit -l, --label list Set meta data on a container --label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels --link list Add link to another container --link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses --log-driver string Logging driver for the container --log-opt list Log driver options --mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33) -m, --memory bytes Memory limit --memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit --memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap --memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1) --mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container --name string Assign a name to the container --network network Connect a container to a network --network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container --no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK --oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer --oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000) --pid string PID namespace to use --pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited) --platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable --privileged Give extended privileges to this container -p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host -P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports --read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only --restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no") --rm Automatically remove the container when it exits --runtime string Runtime to use for this container --security-opt list Security Options --shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm --sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true) --stop-signal string Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM") --stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container --storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container --sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[]) --tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory -t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY --ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default []) -u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>]) --userns string User namespace to use --uts string UTS namespace to use -v, --volume list Bind mount a volume --volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container --volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s) -w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
docker run [可选参数] image，其参数说明如下所示 :
- –name=”customName” 容器命名
- –d 后台方式运行
- –it 交互方式运行
- docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash # 启动并进入容器
- -p 指定容器的端口
- -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
- -p 主机端口:容器端口
- -p 容器端口
- 容器端口
- -P 随机指定端口
- 测试
# 启动并进入容器 ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash # 查看容器中的内容 root@a90466e5e8cb:/# ls -la total 56 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jun 23 22:09 . drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jun 23 22:09 .. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Jun 23 22:09 .dockerenv lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 6 01:18 bin -> usr/bin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 15 11:09 boot drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Jun 23 22:09 dev drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jun 23 22:09 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 15 11:09 home lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 6 01:18 lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jun 6 01:18 lib32 -> usr/lib32 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jun 6 01:18 lib64 -> usr/lib64 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 6 01:18 libx32 -> usr/libx32 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 6 01:18 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 6 01:18 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 6 01:18 opt dr-xr-xr-x 116 root root 0 Jun 23 22:09 proc drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Jun 6 01:21 root drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jun 17 01:20 run lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jun 6 01:18 sbin -> usr/sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 6 01:18 srv dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Jun 23 22:09 sys drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 Jun 6 01:21 tmp drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jun 6 01:18 usr drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jun 6 01:21 var # 退出容器 root@a90466e5e8cb:/# exit exit ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$
列出所有运行的容器
# 查看所有正在运行的容器(无)
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 查看曾经运行过的容器
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a90466e5e8cb ubuntu "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago objective_goldstine
9849ee4d02bf ubuntu "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago vibrant_sinoussi
aaaee4577665 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 14 hours ago Exited (0) 14 hours ago modest_ardinghelli
d9dbd1de7f99 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 40 hours ago Exited (0) 40 hours ago laughing_cerf
8001fae4d389 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago naughty_hoover
6afccb969d87 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago silly_pare
# 查看一个最近创建的容器( n=? )
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a90466e5e8cb ubuntu "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago objective_goldstine
# 查看所有容器的编号( 结合 -a 与 -q )
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -aq
a90466e5e8cb
9849ee4d02bf
aaaee4577665
d9dbd1de7f99
8001fae4d389
6afccb969d87退出容器
# 1. exit: 直接停止并退出容器
# 查看当前正在运行的容器(无)
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 查看所有镜像
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 74435f89ab78 6 days ago 73.9MB
ubuntu 18.04 8e4ce0a6ce69 6 days ago 64.2MB
mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541MB
# 启动并进入容器
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
root@3b93a1830f1e:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib32 lib64 libx32 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# exit
root@3b93a1830f1e:/# exit
exit
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$
# 查看当前正在运行的容器(无)
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
---
# 2. Ctrl + P + Q: 退出后容器不停止
# 查看当前正在运行的容器(无)
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 启动并进入容器
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
root@3b93a1830f1e:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib32 lib64 libx32 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# Ctrl + P + Q
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$
# 再次查看当前正在运行的容器
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8715a6647cba ubuntu "/bin/bash" 58 seconds ago Up 56 seconds eager_villani删除容器
docker rm 容器id: 根据id删除指定的容器，如果要删除运行中的容器需要使用命令docker rm -f 容器iddocker rm -f $(docker ps -aq): 根据id删除所有的容器，其中docker ps -aq的作用为查出所有容器的id
容器的启动和停止
# 1. docker start 容器id : 启动容器
# 查看当前正在运行的容器(无)
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 查看容器的运行历史记录
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cceb83ac32f9 hello-world "/hello" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 minutes ago laughing_gates
8715a6647cba ubuntu "/bin/bash" 25 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago eager_villani
3b93a1830f1e ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago wizardly_goldberg
# 运行id为8715a6647cba的容器
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker start 8715a6647cba
8715a6647cba
# 再次查看当前正在运行的容器，发现id为8715a6647cba的容器已经开始运行
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS
NAMES
8715a6647cba ubuntu "/bin/bash" 26 minutes ago Up 4 seconds
eager_villani
---
# 2. docker restart 容器id : 重启容器
---
# 3. docker stop 容器id : 停止容器
# 查看当前正在运行的容器
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8715a6647cba ubuntu "/bin/bash" 30 minutes ago Up 4 minutes eager_villani
# 停止id为8715a6647cba的容器
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker stop 8715a6647cba
8715a6647cba
# 再次查看当前正在运行的容器
ubuntu@VM-0-4-ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
---
# 4. docker kill 容器id : 强制停止容器参考
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